Category Archives: Astronomy News

Astronomy News

Kuiper Belt’s Big, New, Far-Out Object

From Sky and Telescope

First spied last year, an object designated 2015 RR245 turns out to be one of the largest and most distant objects yet found orbiting the Sun.

2015 RR245's discovery images

Three images, taken about 1 hour apart with the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope on September 9, 2015, reveal the existence of 2015 RR245 (the moving dot at right edge). At the time it was 22nd magnitude and drifting westward in southeastern Pisces.
OSSOS team

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Planetary astronomers have been busy of late. The IAU’s Minor Planet Center has tallied 1,491 objects in orbits more distant than Neptune (“transneptunians”) and another 501 in the outer solar system that occupy odd, usually quite elliptical orbits (“Centaurs” and “scattered-disk objects”). On average, one more gets added to the list about every 5 days.

But a distant discovery announced two days ago has created heightened interest among Kuiper Belt cognoscenti. Designated 2015 RR245, it’s some 64 astronomical units (9½ billion km) from the Sun, more than twice Neptune’s distance. And despite appearing just 22nd magnitude, it could be as large as 700 km (450 miles) across.

Dwarf Planet or Not?

Orbit of 2015 RR245

Observers calculate that Kuiper Belt object 2015 RR245 has an elliptical path that takes 733 years to go around the Sun and carries it from near Neptune’s orbit out to 129 astronomical units.
Alex Parker / OSSOS team

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Astronomy News

Astronomers snap a picture of a head-scratching planet in a triple-star system

From Astronomy Magazine
HD 131399Ab is relatively young and farther from its parent star than any confirmed planet in our solar system.

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By John Wenz  |  Published: Thursday, July 07, 2016
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The image of the HD 131399 system, with primary star A toward the top, the planet in the middle, and stars B and C in the lower right. The images were taken by the SPHERE instrument at ESO’s Very Large Telescope. ESO/K. Wagner et al.

There are plenty of weird planets in the Milky Way, but HD 131399Ab may be one of the weirdest.

Discovered in a survey of 100 young stars, the 16 million-year-old planet still glows hot enough for astronomers to image it directly. Somehow in those short few million years, it migrated out 80 astronomical units (AU; one AU is the average Earth-Sun distance) from its parent star.

But also accompanying the parent star, which is a little bit bigger than the Sun, are two companion stars in orbit around each other at a distance of 300 to 400 AU.

“In this case, this planet is much closer to the other stars in the system than any known exoplanets in a multi-star system,” says Kevin Robert Wagner, a graduate student at the University of Arizona and lead author of the discovery paper, published today in Science.

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Astronomy News

Sunspots and Aurora Watch

From Space Weather.com

AURORA WATCH: A solar wind stream is expected to hit Earth late on July 19th, and this could spark G1-class geomagnetic storms around the poles. High-latitude sky watchers should be alert for auroras, especially in the southern hemisphere where dark winter skies favour visibility of faint lights. [aurora gallery]

BIG SUNSPOTS: Solar activity has been low for months. This could soon change. Two big sunspot groups are directly facing Earth, and one of them has an unstable magnetic field that poses a threat for M-class solar flares. Bill Hrudey photographed the active regions on July 16th from Cayman islands:

“Sunspots AR2567 & AR2565 are great imaging targets surrounded by many granules,” says Hrudey.

It also offers effective cure for asthma, edema, cough and kidney problems. levitra online usa Shilajit amerikabulteni.com order viagra online stimulates energy producing reactions in your body. Here are a few facts a woman should be aware of the existence of sexologists. viagra without prescription Search Engine Optimization isn’t a viable option for the majority of traditional anti-estrogens like Nolvadex generika cialis since there is no rebound effect. What are granules? The sun is so hot, it literally boils. Granules are bumps on the boiling surface, much like the bumpy surface of water boiling on a hot stove. One difference: While the granules on your stove are only a few centimeters across, granules on the sun are as wide as Texas.

As if granules weren’t big enough, the primary dark cores of these sunspots are twice as wide as the entire Earth. Great targets indeed. If you have a solar telescope, take a look.

 

Astronomy News

A New Look at the Crab Nebula

From Sky and Telescope

A new Hubble Space Telescope image shows the very heart of the Crab Nebula, one of the most studied supernova remnants.

This image shows the very heart of the Crab Nebula including the central neutron star — it is the rightmost of the two bright stars near the center-right of this image. The rapid motion of the material nearest to the central star is revealed by the subtle rainbow of colors in this time-lapse image, the rainbow effect being due to the movement of material over the time between one image and another. NASA, ESA

This image shows the very heart of the Crab Nebula including the central neutron star — it is the rightmost of the two bright stars near the center-right of this image.
The rapid motion of the material nearest to the central star is revealed by the subtle rainbow of colors in this time-lapse image, the rainbow effect being due to the movement of material over the time between one image and another.
NASA, ESA

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In A.D. 1054, Chinese and Japanese astronomers first observed a new star in the sky. Second only to the moon in brightness, the new object turned out to be the Crab Nebula. The Crab Nebula, a supernova remnant, has been well-studied over the years and is one of the most recognizable deep-sky objects.

But thanks to the Hubble Space Telescope’s sharp eye, we can look at the supernova remnant in a way never before seen. Technicians combined three high-resolution HST images that used two different kinds of filters (606nm and 550nm) and were taken about ten years apart.

Many popular images of this object highlight the dazzling filaments in the outer regions, but this new look shows just the inner part of the nebula, revealing what’s left of the original star. This mysterious object is known as a neutron star. Made entirely of neutrons (hence the name), it has the same mass as the Sun. Yet all of that mass is compressed into a sphere only a few tens of kilometers across. A neutron star is so dense that single teaspoon of its matter would weigh as much as a mountain!

Hubble also captured the complex details of the ionized gas, shown in red, that form an intricate mélange of cavities and filaments around the edges of this image. A ghostly blue glow surrounds the spinning neutron star — which rotates approximately 30 times per second — deep within the shell of ionized gas. The subtle rainbow effect seen in this composite image is due to the rapid motion of the material nearest the star in the time-lapse between one image and another.

The Crab Nebula lies 6,500 light-years away in the Taurus constellation. Its long observation history has made it a valuable object to study supernova remnants and has enabled astronomers to probe the lives and deaths of stars.

Astronomy News

The world’s largest radio telescope has just been completed

From Astronomy Magazine:

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China’s 30-soccer-field-wide radio telescope will start the hunt for extraterrestrials.
By Jordan Rice  |  Published: Wednesday, July 06, 2016
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The world’s largest radio telescope, FAST

E.T. may be easier to find now that China has just finished installation of the 4,450 triangular panels on the world’s largest radio telescope, the Five Hundred Meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST). The telescope was finished nearly three months ahead of schedule, with the original ETA in September. With its enormous size of 30 soccer fields, FAST has taken nearly five years and $180 million to build.

So how big is it? One of the scientists that worked on building FAST told Xinhua that if the dish were to be completely filled with wine, there would be enough to give five bottles to all seven billion people on Earth.

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Astronomy News

Driving records on Mars

From Astronomy Magazine

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The rovers just keep roving.
By Korey Haynes  |  Published: Monday, July 11, 2016
ASYDG0716_125rovers
The Mars Exploration Rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, had a planned mission lifetime of 90 sols (martian days). Spirit sent its last communication on sol 2,210, and Opportunity continues trekking at well over 4,000 sols.

Astronomy News

Long Range Sensors Detect…

What to look for in the night sky this week–if it ever stops raining.

http://www.skyandtelescope.com/observing/sky-at-a-glance/this-weeks-sky-at-a-glance-july-8-16

Juno successfully enters orbit around Jupiter
After a 35 minute burn, the craft is now the second to orbit Jupiter.  http://www.astronomy.com/news/2016/07/juno-successfully-enters-orbit-around-jupiter

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Exoplanet Found in Triple Star System

Astronomers have discovered a giant planet with an exceptionally wide orbit in a young system of three suns. http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/exoplanet-found-in-triple-star-system-0707201623

Hubble gets five more years to dazzle us
NASA has renewed the Hubble Space Telescope’s operational contract until 2021. Here’s a timeline of its last 26 years.  http://www.astronomy.com/news/2016/07/hubble-gets-5-more-years-to-strut-its-stuff

JupiterHubble captures vivid aurorae in Jupiter’s atmosphere

This observation program is supported by measurements made by NASA’s Juno spacecraft, currently on its way to Jupiter.  http://www.astronomy.com/news/2016/06/hubble-captures-vivid-aurorae-in-jupiters-atmosphere

Astronomy News

MYSTERIOUS EYESIGHT SYNDROME COULD LIMIT MISSIONS TO MARS

From today’s Gazette, apparently originally from the Washington Post.

This is scary news. Eyesight is not something to risk,  however lofty the goal.

NASA Astronaut John Phillips began experiencing eye problems during ISS Expedition 11 in 2005.

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In 2005, astronaut John Phillips took a break from his work on the International Space Station and looked out the window at Earth. He was about halfway through a mission that had begun in April and would end in October. When he gazed down at the planet, the Earth was blurry. He couldn’t focus on it clearly. That was strange — he’d always had 20/20 vision. He wondered: was his eyesight getting worse? “I’m not sure if I reported that to the ground,” he said. “I think I didn’t. I thought it would be something that would just go away, and fix itself when I got to Earth.” It didn’t go away. During Phillips’ post-flight physical, NASA found that his vision had gone from 20/20 to 20/100 in six months. Phillips got MRIs, retinal scans, neurological tests, and a lumbar puncture. The tests showed that not only had his vision changed, but his eyes had changed as well. The back of his eye had got flatter, pushing his retina forward. He had choroidal folds, which are like stretch marks on the back of the eye. His optic nerve was inflamed. Phillips became the first widely recognized case of a mysterious syndrome that affects 80 per cent of astronauts on long duration missions in space.

THE SYNDROME

Visual Impairment Intracranial Pressure syndrome (VIIP) is named for the leading theory to explain it. On Earth, gravity pulls bodily fluids down toward the feet. That doesn’t happen in space, and it’s thought that extra fluid in the skull increases pressure on the brain and the back of the eye. At first, NASA thought that Phillips was an isolated case. But then researchers found evidence of VIIP in other astronauts. VIIP has now been recognized as a widespread problem, and there has been a struggle not only to understand its cause, but to study it at all. The theory that fluid builds up in the skull during space flight hasn’t actually been tested. The only proven methods of measuring intracranial pressure are invasive: a lumbar puncture or drilling a hole into the skull. “There’s the risk for infection and just doing the procedure, quite frankly, in space is difficult,” said J.D. Polk, a senior flight surgeon at NASA. “Having to anchor somebody and do a spinal tap in space is not something we would relish.”

RADICAL APPROACH

Michael Barratt, the former head of NASA’s Human Research program and space medicine specialist, is arguing for a radical approach to the problem. Barratt is also an astronaut. While he was on a six-month mission on the space station in 2009, he noticed his vision getting worse. He and a crewmate, Bob Thirsk, were both medically trained, and they decided to do something about it. “We’re thinking to ourselves, are we not physicians?” Barratt said. “So we did ophthalmoscopic exams on one another.” They both found hints of a swollen optic nerve. After NASA sent up more imaging equipment, they discovered the classic VIIP syndrome in one another: the flattening of the eye shape and optic disc edema. Barratt thinks solving the puzzle of VIIP is going to take testing intracranial pressure in space, even if that means an invasive procedure. One option is an intracranial probe that would be surgically implanted months before flight and allow pressure to be measured at different points during space flight. “This is one of those times I think aggressive science is extremely warranted,” Barratt said.

MARS BECKONS

Before a human trip to Mars, which NASA says it wants to achieve by the 2030s, researchers agree that VIIP needs to be understood much better. Mars is a six- to nine-month journey away. VIIP could be the first sign of greater dangers to the human body from microgravity. Richard Williams, the chief health and medical officer at NASA, agrees that what we don’t know about VIIP still poses the biggest threat. Ironically, one of the only ways to get more knowledge is to spend more time in microgravity. “The longer we stay in space, the more we’re going to learn,” Williams said.

Astronomy News

Long Range Sensors detect…

Summer of Mars: View 20 articles about Mars, the missions, the robots, toxic salts, strange ripples, its moons, and much more!

http://www.astronomy.com/magazine/events/summer-of-mars

Astronomers watched a black hole gobble a star in unprecedented detail

http://astronomy.com/news/2016/06/astronomers-watched-a-black-hole-gobble-a-star-in-unprecedented-detail

Nine NASA missions received extensions this week, including the two in the headline: “New Horizons Receives Mission Extension to Kuiper Belt, Dawn to Remain at Ceres”.
New dark spots appear on Neptune’s cloud layers

http://astronomy.com/news/2016/06/new-dark-spots-appear-on-neptunes-cloud-layers

First Chiral Molecule Discovered in Space: The discovery of a chiral molecule in space has the potential to sort out one of the biggest mysteries in the chemistry of life.

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This is cool–usually we see the 4 moons in a horizontal line, but Juno is approaching at a different angle.

 

Astronomy News

We are Not alone!

Astronomers have discovered an asteroid that shares our orbit.


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A small asteroid has been discovered in an orbit around the sun that keeps it as a constant companion of Earth, and it will remain so for centuries to come. Full story at http://go.nasa.gov/1UdQoAF