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Astronomy News

The forgotten rescue of the Salyut 7 space station

The forgotten rescue of the Salyut 7 space station

After a total loss of power, many thought the Soviet’s Salyut 7 space station was gone for good. But two bundled up cosmonauts gave it six more years of life.

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By Doug Adler  | Astronomy Magazine
Salyut7rescue
Crew of Soyuz T-13

While most Western space enthusiasts remember the American Skylab space station, only some recall the long series of Soviet orbiting labs called the Salyut space stations. The last of these, Salyut 7, famously “died” in 1985, when a loss of power shut down all of its systems. But later that year, two cosmonauts risked their lives to revive the radio silent space station.

Salyut, variously translated as “salute” or “firework,” was a Soviet program that ran from 1971 to 1986 and included the world’s first space station, Salyut 1. The Salyut space stations had both military and civilian applications, but they were largely designed to pioneer the technology required to build modular space habitats.

spacestat1

A cascading electrical failure

In February 1985, after hosting three cosmonaut crews (including one that stayed for 237 days, a record at the time), the vacant Salyut 7 space station started to experience trouble. Workers in the TsUP (the Soviet version of NASA’s Mission Control) noted that an overcurrent had tripped a circuit breaker, which shut down the station’s primary long-range radio transmitter.

Ground controllers switched Salyut 7 to its backup transmitter, which seemed to solve the problem — at least for a bit. However, a subsequent attempt to restart the primary transmitter created another overcurrent that started a cascading series of electrical failures. Both radio transmitters (primary and backup), as well as the station’s radio receivers, ceased to work.

Attempts to revive the station from the ground failed. Salyut 7 went silent. It began to slowly tumble.

Making matters worse, the interior of the station rapidly lost heat, eventually reaching a frigid, yet stable, temperature of about –4 degrees Fahrenheit (–20 degrees Celsius). Soviet engineers realized they had only two options: abandon Salyut 7 or mount a rescue mission.

At this point, the Soviet’s larger, more advanced Mir space station was still a work progress. Waiting for Mir to launch would have meant putting all spaceborne work on hold for at least a full year. So, although a crewed rescue mission to Salyut 7 was a dangerous proposition, if successful, the Soviet’s would save both time and money — as well as face

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Astronomy News

Game theory helps focus the hunt for alien civilizations

Game theory helps focus the hunt for alien civilizations

Our galaxy contains billions of exoplanets. Now, using a mathematical model of how players compete, researchers think they’ve narrowed down which distant worlds are most likely to host intelligent life.

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By The Physics arXiv Blog  |  Published: Friday, October 23, 2020
RELATED TOPICS: EXOPLANETS | ALIEN LIFE
exoplanet life

A new strategy may help SETI search for alien life while avoiding the Fermi Paradox.

Dotted Yeti/Shutterstock
The question of whether to send messages to the stars is fraught with difficulty. The big fear is attracting a more advanced civilization with nefarious intent. Why take the risk?

Indeed, various commentators have pointed out that this fear might explain the famous Fermi Paradox which asks why we haven’t heard from other civilizations. The answer being that either there aren’t any others or that the best strategy for survival is to keep silent lest a more advanced civilization find and destroy you.

But an interesting question is whether the paradox can be resolved in another way. Now Eamonn Kerins at the University of Manchester, U.K., says the paradox can be avoided by using game theory to determine how best to search for and communicate with extra-terrestrial civilizations.

READ MORE FROM ASTRONOMY MAGAZINE ARTICLE

Astronomy News

A DARK STREAK JUST APPEARED ON MARS

Space Weather News for Oct. 25, 2020
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A DARK STREAK JUST APPEARED ON MARS: Amateur astronomers are monitoring something new on Mars. A dark streak has just appeared near one of the Red Planet’s giant extinct volcanoes, Arsia Mons. It appears to be a cloud, but the jury’s still out. Visit today’s edition of Spaceweather.com for images and more information.

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Above: A 600 km long dark streak, observed by amateur astronomers (left) and projected onto an image from Mars Orbiter (right). Credit: Maximilian Teodorescu.

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Astronomy News

OSIRIS-REx touchdown on Bennu video

Watch the OSIRIS-REx touchdown on Bennu video

https://www.planetary.org/video/osiris-rex-touchdown-on-bennu-video

From the Planetary Society:
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This video shows 82 images captured as NASA’s OSIRIS-REx spacecraft touched the surface of asteroid Bennu to collect a sample on 20 October 2020. The sample head touches Bennu’s surface for 6 seconds while a bottle of nitrogen gas stirs rocks and soil into a collector. The spacecraft then backs away using its thrusters, as debris fills the camera view.

Astronomy News

A signal from Mars

This week, an amateur radio operator in British Columbia picked up a signal from Mars

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Space Weather News for Oct. 6, 2020
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https://www.spaceweatheralerts.com

RADIO SIGNALS FROM MARS: This week, an amateur radio operator in British Columbia picked up a radio signal … from Mars. It came from NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter flying just 274 km above the Red Planet’s surface. Such a detection is possible because, right now, Mars is unusually close to Earth. Want to hear what it sounds like? Visit today’s edition of Spaceweather.com.

Aurora alerts: Sign up for Space Weather Alerts and receive a text message when auroras appear in your area.

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Above: This home-brew radio antenna in Roberts Creek, BC, is picking up signals from Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Credit: Scott Tilley.
 

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Astronomy News

Northern Lights possible in coming week

Look for Northern Lights this coming week!A storm of this magnitude should produce lights visible above the city.

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Space Weather News for Sept. 26, 2020
https://spaceweather.com
https://www.spaceweatheralerts.comGEOMAGNETIC STORM WARNING: A solar wind stream is heading for Earth, and it could spark the strongest geomagnetic storm in more than a year. NOAA forecasters say storm levels could reach category G2 (moderately strong) when the gaseous material arrives on Sept. 29th. Bright “equinox auroras” are already dancing around the Arctic Circle. If the G2-storm unfolds as predicted, Northern Lights could descend into upper-tier US states as well. Get the full story at Spaceweather.com.

Aurora alerts: Sign up for Space Weather Alerts and receive a text message when auroras appear in your area.
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Above: A hole in the sun’s atmosphere is facing Earth, spewing solar wind in our direction. False-color image from NASA/SDO.

Astronomy News

Spot every planet and take part in International Observe the Moon Night

Spot every planet and take part in International Observe the Moon Night this week from September 25 to October 2.

It’s supposed to be clear tonight, so do get out there under the sky and look at the moon and planets. A pair of binoculars will easily show you the planets, and if you can put them on a tripod, or steady them on a railing, you can see the moons of Jupiter.

Lunar observing, look for Clavius in the south. There is a beautiful arc of little craters within with larger one that looks like a necklace.

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The Sky This Week: Solar system bonanza

Spot every planet and take part in International Observe the Moon Night this week from September 25 to October 2.
By Alison Klesman  |  Published: Friday, September 25, 2020
The Moon on September 26, 2020
Observe the Moon September 26 is International Observe the Moon Night. Our satellite will have plenty on display, from dark seas to bright craters and rugged mountains. NASA’s Scientific Visualization Studio
Friday, September 25
The Moon passes 1.6° south of Jupiter at 3 A.M. EDT this morning; our satellite then passes 2° south of Saturn at 5 P.M. EDT. You can still see the Moon near the two giant planets after dark this evening. Look south to find the Moon, now 10° southeast of Jupiter and nearly 4° southeast of Saturn. All three are readily visible to the naked eye, but binoculars or a telescope will reveal more detail on the planets, including Saturn’s rings and the alternating colored cloud bands of Jupiter.

Jupiter’s intriguingly icy moon, Europa, begins to transit the planet’s disk from the east starting at 10:07 P.M. EDT. Its shadow slips onto the disk 2.5 hours later, just 14 minutes before the moon passes off the planet’s western limb. Europa’s shadow slowly crosses Jupiter over the next 2.5 hours, disappearing by 3:30 A.M. the morning of the 26th.

Sunrise*: 6:51 A.M.
Sunset: 6:51 P.M.
Moonrise: 3:57 P.M.
Moonset: 12:25 A.M.
Moon Phase: Waxing gibbous (67%)
*Times for sunrise, sunset, moonrise, and moonset are given in local time from 40° N 90° W. The Moon’s illumination is given at 12 P.M. local time from the same location.

Saturday, September 26
Tonight is International Observe the Moon Night. Click over to NASA’s official page at http://moon.nasa.gov/observe for more information about the event and how you can participate simply by stepping outside and looking up.

With our satellite a well-lit waxing gibbous today, much of its terrain will be on display, as well as many of the Apollo landing sites. Several maria, or seas, appear as dark splotches against the brighter surrounding terrain. These darker areas never held water but are instead ancient lava flows, left over from when our Moon was much younger. Their relatively smooth floors made them ideal targets for manned landings. Easily visible tonight are Mare Serenitas, Mare Tranquillitatis, Mare Crisium, Mare Fecunditatis, and Mare Nectaris. Just peeking out from the terminator is Mare Imbrium, bordered by the rugged Apennine mountains, named after the mountain range in Italy.

Astronomy News

Hint of possible life in clouds of Venus

Being fans of science fiction, you have probably already heard about the report that there are signs of possible life forms in the clouds of Venus. Don’t get excited, it’s a bit of a stretch, and the lifeforms–if they exist–are likely microbial.

But it is very interesting! If life can actually exist in the hellish conditions of Venus, it can certainly evolve in the clouds of the gas giants.

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Astronomy News

GREEN CLOUDS OVER SCANDINAVIA

Space Weather News for Sept. 14, 2020
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GREEN CLOUDS OVER SCANDINAVIA: Autumn is coming to the Arctic. We know because, last night, the clouds turned green. An outburst of auroras was so bright, it filled rainclouds with a green geomagnetic glow. Multiple observers saw the phenomenon in Sweden and Norway. The display was caused by a crack in Earth’s magnetic field, a type of fracture that forms most often during weeks around equinoxes. Get the full story at Spaceweather.com.
Preview (opens in a new tab)
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Above: A Lights over Lapland webcam recorded green clouds over Abisko, Sweden, on Sept. 13, 2020.

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Astronomy News

MARS IS NOW BRIGHTER THAN SIRIUS

Last week, I saw Mars rise over the horizon, and wow, was it ever bright! And red! –CPL

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Space Weather News for August 21, 2020
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MARS IS NOW BRIGHTER THAN SIRIUS: Mars is approaching Earth for one of its best apparitions since 2003. Earlier this week, the Red Planet crossed an important threshold. It is now brighter than Sirius, the brightest star in the sky. Amateur astronomers are capturing amazing images of Mars using ordinary telescopes, and the best is yet to come. Visit Spaceweather.com for observing tips.

Aurora alerts: Sign up for Space Weather Alerts and receive a text message when auroras appear in your area.
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Above: One hour of Mars on Aug. 18, 2020, as seen through a 14-inch telescope. Credit: Maximilian Teodorescu of Magurele, Romania

APPROACHING MARS: By the time you finish reading this sentence, you’ll be 40 km closer to Mars.

Earth and Mars are converging for a close encounter this Fall, one of the best since 2003, and their separation is rapidly shrinking–negative 8 km/s as of Aug. 21st. You are literally approaching the Red Planet. Just this week the brightness of Mars surpassed that of Sirius, the brightest star in the sky. Suddenly, Mars is almost bright enough to see in daylight and an easy target for backyard telescopes.

The best is yet to come. By the night of closest approach on Oct. 6th (0.4149 AU), Mars will more than double in brightness again, outshining everything in the night sky except Venus and the Moon. Throughout this apparition, the south pole will remain tilted toward Earth, giving observers a good view of the breakup of the ice cap as Martian spring turns into summer.