Category Archives: Astronomy News

VENUS-MOON CONJUNCTION

Space Weather News for Dec. 28, 2019
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VENUS-MOON CONJUNCTION: Tonight, Dec. 28th, the two brightest objects in the night sky are getting together for a beautiful display. Venus and the Moon are in conjunction, less than 2 degrees apart over the Americas. Look for them in the southwest just after sunset. The Moon is exquisitely slender and is going to look great beside the brilliant Goddess of Love. Sky maps and photos are highlighted on today’s edition of Spaceweather.com.

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Above: Venus and the Moon will be close together in the constellation Capricornus on Dec. 28, 2019.

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Will Betelgeuse go supernova?

Every few years, Betelgeuse does something to grab the attention of astronomers, then the press gets excited, and everyone worries unnecessarily.  I remember back a couple of decades reading that Betelgeuse would be the most likely cause of another mass extinction of life on earth.

The only certainty is that Betelgeuse will blow–but the question is WHEN. Could be today, could be thousands of years from now. It might have already happened, we won’t know until some 640 years (give or take a couple of decades) after the event.  

Orion is a winter constellation, and easy to see as it is one of the largest, and the 3 belt stars are quite obvious.  —CPL

Astronomers are wondering whether Orion’s shoulder will soon explode

When Betelgeuse does eventually go supernova, the brightness will rival a full moon
This image is a colour composite made from exposures from the Digitized Sky Survey 2 (DSS2). The field of view is approximately 2.0 x 1.5 degrees. (ESO/Digitized Sky Survey 2. Ackn)

The dramatic dimming of a giant star has astronomers wondering whether it’s getting ready to explode.

Betelgeuse — the red shoulder on the left side in the constellation Orion — has dimmed by a factor of about two since October, a change that has never been documented before.

“We know that it’s the dimmest it’s been observed ever, based on the data we have,” said Stella Kafka, chief executive officer of the American Association of Variable Star Observers.

What makes this development particularly intriguing to astronomers is that the star is slated to explode in spectacular fashion: a supernova. Astronomers estimate this will happen relatively soon — in astronomical terms anyway. It could be today, tomorrow or 100,000 years from now.

And when Betelgeuse goes supernova, astronomers estimate it will be as bright as the full moon and visible even during the day.

READ LOTS MORE

Isaac Newton: A vindictive, secretive, paranoid genius

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Isaac Newton: A vindictive, secretive, paranoid genius

Revered as a great thinker and scientist, he was also obsessive and dedicated to his work.

ASYIN1219_14

One of Newton’s more famous optical experiments involved using a prism to split the Sun’s white light into its component colors.

By June 1665, the plague was burning through England. A young University of Cambridge student, Isaac Newton, had left the school and returned to his family farm at Woolsthorpe Manor in Lincolnshire after the university closed. Here, he lived for two years in near isolation and produced the greatest creative output of his life.

It’s easy to think of Newton only as a lonely and antisocial genius sitting at a desk, unraveling the mysteries of the universe. Yet there is so much more. In his lifetime, Newton vigorously conducted experiments, constructed models, conceived of the theory of gravity, and built the first usable reflecting telescope. He created a new form of mathematics, reformed the currency of England while Master of the Mint, and pursued counterfeiters to their deaths on the scaffold.

He also studied the forbidden art of alchemy. Newton was a deeply religious man, but a secret nonconformer to the Church of England. He was cantankerous, paranoid, and feared that his hard work would be stolen by others.

READ MORE

SUNSPOTS BREAK A SPACE AGE RECORD

Space Weather News for Dec. 16, 2019
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SUNSPOTS BREAK A SPACE AGE RECORD: Solar Minimum is officially “deep.” 2019 has just broken a Space Age record for days without sunspots. Moreover, an international panel of scientists led by NOAA and NASA predicts that Solar Minimum could deepen even further, not reaching its lowest point until April of 2020. Visit Spaceweather.com for the full story.

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Above: The blank sun on Dec. 16, 2019. Credit: NASA/Solar Dynamics Observatory

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A star like our sun is stripping atmosphere from giant gas planet

About 1,500 light years away lies the remnant of a star that was once like our own, and it’s providing astronomers with clues as to what might happen in our solar system after the sun dies.

In roughly six billion years, after it has run out of energy, the sun will swell, enveloping Mercury, Venus, and possibly Earth. It will then leave behind a small, hot star, slightly larger than Earth, known as a white dwarf.

Astronomers have discovered an unusual pair: a white dwarf, called WDJ0914+1914, with a giant Neptune-like planet in its orbit. It is the first time such a large planet has been found in such a tight orbit around a white dwarf.

But this star isn’t the life-giving companion our sun is to us; it’s stripping away the giant planet’s atmosphere.

An animation shows the white dwarf and its much larger, Neptune-like planet.

Astronomers had theorized that what might reside around a white dwarf would be more terrestrial-like planets (think Earth and Mars) or even asteroids — not a gas giant like the one they found.

“It’s quite a unique system so far,” said Boris Gansicke, an astronomer from the University of Warwick in the U.K. and lead author of the study published in Nature. “But we hope to find additional systems in the future.”

The planet is believed to be at least twice as large as the star, which it orbits once every 10 days.

Because of its close proximity to the searing hot white dwarf — which is roughly 28,000 C, or five times the temperature of the sun — most of the planet’s atmosphere is being swept away. Some of it is pulled into a disk that eventually swirls into the star, at a rate of about 3,000 tonnes per second.

It was this disk that tipped off astronomers to the giant planet’s presence.

Chance finding

The team of astronomers found it after poring over data of more than 7,000 white dwarfs observed by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey in Sunspot, New Mexico

One particular star stood out from the rest.

Data revealed quantities of hydrogen, oxygen and sulphur in the star — elements that shouldn’t be there, given the star had shed its outer core.

Co-author Nicola Gentile set aside the observations, believing it could be evidence of a binary system that contained a second star that hadn’t shed its core.

Gansicke said he looked at the data and realized there were traces of oxygen that he’d never seen before in a binary system.

“I said it was very unlikely to be a white dwarf binary system.”

The team then used the X-shooter instrument on the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope in Atacama, Chile, to conduct followup observations. Astronomers were able to take a better look at the star’s spectrum, which is the light it emits separated into individual colours.

Observing a spectrum also reveals the elements contained in a star, such as hydrogen, helium, oxygen and more.

The findings suggested that a giant, Neptune-like planet was in close orbit. It was the only logical explanation why hydrogen, oxygen and sulphur were present in the disc.

An artist’s animation shows what happens when the Sun runs out of energy

But the planet wouldn’t have always been that close to the star. The star would have likely swelled and swallowed up any inner planets that might have existed. The remaining planet was likely knocked into a closer orbit by another planet, Gansicke said. That second planet might even still be in orbit.

Eventually, the white dwarf will cool and much less of the atmosphere will be stripped from the Neptune-like planet.

Eve Lee, an assistant professor in McGill University’s physics department, is intrigued by the findings.

“It tells us about the future possibility of how our solar system will look,” she said.

It also sheds light on different stellar systems and their possible planets.

“We know stars evolve and they come in many different varieties,” Lee said. “It is interesting to look at what is the evolution of the planet in tandem with the evolution of the star.”

And there are likely more discoveries to come from this distant stellar system.

Gansicke said the team has been awarded time with the Hubble Space Telescope. He said it would be interesting to see if the planet produces a comet-like tail, with gases escaping into space as it orbits the star.

They also hope to use observations from the Gaia spacecraft, which has identified 260,000 white dwarfs that could potentially reveal similar systems.

Lee says the findings provide new direction for exoplanet research.

“It’s not just about finding aliens … and not just about finding small planets around small stars,” she said. “We need to look more broadly.”

About the Author

Nicole Mortillaro

Senior Reporter, Science

Nicole has an avid interest in all things science. As an amateur astronomer, Nicole can be found looking up at the night sky appreciating the marvels of our universe. She is the editor of the Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada and the author of several books.

RARE STRATOSPHERIC CLOUDS Around the Arctic Circle

Space Weather News for Dec.  2, 2019
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RARE STRATOSPHERIC CLOUDS: Around the Arctic Circle, sky watchers are reporting rare clouds nearly as colorful as the Northern Lights. Floating through the stratosphere, where clouds do not belong, their icy forms are visible even after sunset. These clouds can only form when the Arctic stratosphere is exceedingly cold. Visit today’s edition of Spaceweather.com for photos and more information.

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Above: Polar stratospheric clouds over Stockholm, Sweden, on Dec. 2, 2019. Photo credit: Peter Rosén. Browse the photo gallery for more.
 

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Long range sensors detect….

  1. Massive black Hole Discovered
  2. What will the sky look like after Milky Way merges with Andromeda Galaxy?
  3. Charting the place of our sun in the galaxy

Massive Black Hole Discovered

(CNN)Scientists have discovered a “monster black hole” so massive that, in theory, it shouldn’t exist.

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It’s a stellar black hole — the type that forms after stars die, collapse, and explode. Researchers had previously believed that the size limit was no more than 20 times the mass of our sun because as these stars die, they lose most of their mass through explosions that expel matter and gas swept away by stellar winds.
This theory has now been toppled by LB-1, the newly-discovered black hole. Located about 15,000 light years away, it has a mass 70 times greater than our sun, according to a press release from the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

READ ALL ABOUT! https://www.cnn.com/2019/11/28/asia/china-black-hole-discovery-intl-hnk-scli-scn/index.html

What will the sky look like after Milky Way merges with Andromeda Galaxy? Our galaxy‘s date with destruction

The Milky Way is on a collision course with its neighbor, the Andromeda Galaxy. What will the night sky look like after the crash?
MilkomedaFNL
BILLIONS OF YEARS FROM NOW, the night sky will glow with stars, dust, and gas from two galaxies: the Milky Way, in which we live, and the encroaching Andromeda Galaxy (M31).
Lynette Cook for Astronomy
Our galaxy, the Milky Way, and its nearest large neighbor, the Andromeda Galaxy (M31), are on a collision course. Billions of years from now, the merger will transform the structure of both galaxies and create a new arrangement of stars we have dubbed Milkomeda (“milk-AHM-mee-da”). The merger will radically transform the night sky. But into what?
Currently, the Milky Way’s thin disk of stars and gas appears as a nebulous strip arching across the summer sky. As Andromeda grazes the Milky Way, a second lane of stars will join the one that presently graces the night sky. After the final merger, the stars will no longer be confined to two narrow lanes, but instead scatter across the entire sky.

In our research, we have explored the Milky Way’s fate by simulating Milkomeda’s birth in a supercomputer. The simulations are at a sufficient level of detail to learn a lot about the coming merger and how it will change our perspective on the universe. Although we won’t be here to witness the event — nor to take responsibility for whether our forecast proves accurate — this is the first research in our careers that has a chance of being cited 5 billion years from now.

Lots more to see here!

Charting the sun’s place in our stellar “Neighbourhood”.

Click image to enlarge, Click here to read the article.

Satellites causing problems for astronomers

12 000StarLink satellites by mid 2020s, &  Oneweb has plans to launch  600 by 2021                                                                              

Enjoy the nightsky while we still can….  CPL

For all of his supporters, there are still many others out there with a bone to pick with Elon Musk. And because he has his hands in a diverse array of businesses, it’s anybody’s guess who will wind up with the famous entrepreneur in their critical crosshairs.

As Buzzfeed News reports, this time its astronomers – and they’re voicing their concerns over Elon Musk’s SpaceX firm and its Starlink program. Starlink was initially developed as a way to improve global internet access by clustering groups of smaller satellites closer to the earth instead of relying on fewer, larger ones further out. The $10 billion project intends to culminate in a network of some 12,000 satellites by the mid-2020s.

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The International Astronomical Union, likewise, expressed concern about the impending satellite mania this past June, saying a dark, radio-quiet sky is “not only essential to advancing our understanding of the Universe of which we are a part, but also as a resource for all humanity and for the protection of nocturnal wildlife.” From a practical standpoint, the organization says the light reflecting off the satellites damages observatory telescopes because they have such sensitive optics.

Other agencies, including the U.S. National Radio Astronomy Observatory, say they’ve been working with SpaceX “to jointly analyze and minimize any potential impacts from their proposed Starlink system,” though Buzzfeed points out that astronomers, in general, have little recourse in these cases, because the programs get the stamp of approval from federal agencies.

And there’s more to come, it appears: SpaceX has a competitor, OneWeb, who launched its first batch of satellites earlier this year and has plans to have 600 satellites in orbit by 2021.

VENUS-JUPITER CONJUNCTION AT SUNSET

First “stars” to show up as the sun goes down over Montreal. I saw the pair of them at dusk from the South Shore in the smog over Montreal on Sat evening. Lovely!  –CPL

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Space Weather News for Nov. 24, 2019
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VENUS-JUPITER CONJUNCTION AT SUNSET: When the sun goes down tonight, step outside and look southwest. Venus and Jupiter are in conjunction little more than a degree apart. Try to catch them before the sky fades to black. The sight of the two brightest planets, side-by-side, surrounded by twilight blue is out of this world. Visit Spaceweather.com for sky maps and photos.

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Above: Venus and Jupiter converging over Richmond, Ontario, Canada, on Nov. 23rd. Photo credit: Joe Bonner. Browse the photo gallery for more.

STARLINK PHOTOBOMBS A METEOR SHOWER

Remember the Monocerotid meteor shower everyone hoped would be a storm? We didn’t see it due to clouds, but the Starlink satelites proved astronomers right when they moaned about the loss of the night sky. What a mess! Imagine if one were trying a very long exposure for a photo of an obscure galaxy or nebula? –CPL

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STARLINK PHOTOBOMBS A METEOR SHOWER: Astronomers monitoring the skies for an outburst of alpha Monocerotid meteors on Nov. 22nd were surprised when their cameras filled instead with an outburst of satellites. A train of Starlink satellites flew over the La Palma observatory in the Canary islands, stealing the show. Despite the interference, a flurry of alpha Monocerotids was observed. Visit Spaceweather.com for the full story and video.

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Above: Starlink satellites overrun the alpha Monocerotid meteor shower above La Palma on Nov. 22, 2019. Credit: Denis Vida of the University of Western Ontario and Global Meteor Network.