{"id":9090,"date":"2019-08-10T11:09:08","date_gmt":"2019-08-10T15:09:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.monsffa.ca\/?p=9090"},"modified":"2019-08-10T11:09:08","modified_gmt":"2019-08-10T15:09:08","slug":"warped-milky-way-in-3d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.monsffa.ca\/?p=9090","title":{"rendered":"Warped Milky Way in 3D"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Warped Milky Way in 3D<\/h1>\n
By: Camille M. Carlisle<\/a><\/span><\/span>

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Astronomers have used pulsating stars to trace the crooked shape of our galaxy\u2019s disk.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

\"warped<\/a><\/p>\n

This artist’s illustrations shows our galaxy’s warped disk, traced out by young variable stars called Cepheids (green points).
\nJ. Skowron \/ OGLE \/ Astronomical Observatory, University of Warsaw<\/em><\/p>\n

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TO VIEW THE VIDEO ILLUSTRATING THE CURVATURE CLICK HERE AND SCROLL DOWN.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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A careful survey of more than 2,400 Cepheid variable stars has revealed the Milky Way\u2019s warped disk in new detail. Dorota Skowron (University of Warsaw, Poland) and colleagues report the result in the August 2nd Science<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Cepheids are giants and supergiants that breathe in and out at a rate proportional to their intrinsic brightness. This period-luminosity relation <\/em>makes them superb distance markers, as Henrietta Swan Leavitt discovered in the early 20th century<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Skowron used the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE)<\/a>, as well as data from five other surveys and catalogs, to map the Cepheids\u2019 3D locations, which lie primarily within a few tens of thousands of light-years of the Sun. Their project confirms there\u2019s a severe warp in our galaxy\u2019s disk, reminiscent of pizza dough bent in its mid-toss flight. The warp has also shown up in maps using neutral hydrogen gas, stars, dust, and stellar motions, as well as a recent infrared study that used roughly half as many Cepheids<\/a> as Skowron\u2019s team did.<\/p>\n

When they plotted the variable stars\u2019 locations looking down at our galaxy\u2019s disk, the astronomers noticed that the Cepheids clump, gathering in several concentrations that trace out a sloppy spiral pattern. Curious, the team took the three most prominent clumps and calculated the ages of the stars in them. They found that the stars in each group had a similar age to one another \u2014 approximately 64, 113, and 175 million years. The youngest clump\u2019s stars tightly clustered together, whereas the oldest clump’s stars were the most spread out.<\/p>\n

The team thinks that these Cepheid populations were born in three bursts of star formation. As time passed, stars that formed together would have naturally gone their separate ways, explaining why the oldest stars are the most spread out. Computer simulations confirm that three starbirth episodes would have stretched into the pattern the team\u2019s map reveals in the Milky Way.<\/p>\n

Since all three rounds of star formation happened on the same side of the galaxy, Skowron speculates that an encounter with a dwarf galaxy might have triggered them.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n