{"id":5920,"date":"2017-11-04T14:06:17","date_gmt":"2017-11-04T18:06:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.monsffa.ca\/?p=5920"},"modified":"2017-11-03T14:09:35","modified_gmt":"2017-11-03T18:09:35","slug":"space-changes-how-genes-are-expressed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.monsffa.ca\/?p=5920","title":{"rendered":"Space changes how genes are expressed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Space changes how genes are expressed<\/h1>\n
Astronaut Scott Kelly\u2019s genes behaved differently while in space than those of his Earth-bound, identical twin brother. <\/em><\/div>\n

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By Jake Parks<\/a><\/div>\n
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\"twins\"<\/a>
Former astronaut Mark Kelly (left) attempts to keep a straight face while posing with his identical twin brother, astronaut Scott Kelly (right). As part of NASA\u2019s Twins Study, Scott spent nearly a year in space, while Mark stayed here on Earth. This gave researchers a chance to study the health effects of long-term spaceflights.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
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Siblings compete; it\u2019s pretty much a ubiquitous fact of life. So when astronaut Scott Kelly returned to Earth in March 2016 after nearly a year in space, it must have really irked his identical twin brother, former astronaut Mark Kelly, that Scott was temporarily two inches taller. However, Scott\u2019s height was not all that changed during his time in space.<\/p>\n

According to preliminary results from NASA\u2019s Twins study<\/a>, Scott\u2019s year in space also drastically increased his rate of DNA methylation, the process responsible for turning genes on and off. By regulating gene expression, methylation is believed to play a major role in the development in many diseases, ranging from cancer to cardiovascular disease.<\/p>\n

\u201cSome of the most exciting things that we\u2019ve seen from looking at gene expression in space is that we really see an explosion, like fireworks taking off, as soon as the human body gets into space,\u201d said Chris Mason, principal investigator of the Twins Study, in a press release<\/a>. \u201cWith this study, we\u2019ve seen thousands and thousands of genes change how they are turned on and turned off. This happens as soon as an astronaut gets into space, and some of the activity persists temporarily upon return to Earth.\u201d<\/p>\n

As part of the study, Scott spent a year in zero gravity working on the International Space Station. In the meantime, his brother Mark went about his daily life on Earth as an author, political activist, and aerospace consultant. Taking advantage of the Kellys\u2019 identical genetics, the Twins Study monitored subtle genomic changes that were elicited by each brother\u2019s environment \u2014 namely Earth and space \u2014 helping researchers investigate the long-term effects of extended spaceflights.<\/p><\/div>\n

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