Tag Archives: Neptune

Have you seen Neptune?

All you need is a pair of binoculars–10X50s should do the trick. Planets are not much bothered by light pollution. The hard part is actually finding it! Sky and Telescope have published this chart.

Pallas and Neptune time exposure
I captured this image of Pisces’ Circlet asterism along with Pallas (magnitude 8.6) and Neptune (7.8) around 9:45 p.m. September 12, 2021. The two were 6.8° apart at the time and will remain near each other all fall. Details: 35-mm lens, f/2.8, 70-second exposure at ISO 800 with a tracking mount. Bob King

Neptune

Neptune September map
For the next couple of weeks you’ll find Neptune near a small triangle of ~6.5-magnitude stars (magnitudes shown) 5.8° south of Kappa (κ) Piscium in the Circlet of Pisces asterism. The planet’s position is shown through September 30th. For a complete path, get the September issue of Sky & Telescope magazine.

Slightly brighter at magnitude 7.8, it’s relatively easy to spot in a pair of 10×50 binoculars. On the night of September 23–24 the methane-blue planet passes just 1.6′ south of 6.3-magnitude HD 221148. Modest-aperture telescopes will show it as a tiny, aqua disk at a magnification of 100× or higher.

If you have a 10-inch or larger instrument be sure to look for its brightest and largest moon, Triton, which never strays far from the mothership. This season its distance ranges from 9.5″ to 17″. Use 200× or higher to separate the 13.5-magnitude speck from Neptune’s glare when it’s at or near greatest elongation. To pinpoint its position anytime, check out Sky & Telescope‘s Triton Tracker.


 

Uranus and Neptune: Cloudy with a chance of diamonds

Researchers at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory have recreated the ice giants’ diamond rain.

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Uranus and Neptune experience diamond rain deep within their atmospheres — and now scientists on Earth have watched this process occur in the lab. NASA/JPL-Caltech (Left, Uranus); NASA (Right, Neptune)
On Earth, we experience rain composed of liquid water. On Titan, it rains liquid methane. And on Uranus and Neptune, it rains solid diamonds. For the first time, researchers have now simulated and observed this process here on Earth, proving that this long-held assumption is likely correct, once and for all.

The work, published August 21 in Nature Astronomy, combined a high-powered optical laser with the X-ray free-electron laser at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). The LCLS creates X-ray pulses that last a million-billionths of a second, allowing for ultrafast high-precision monitoring of processes that occur all the way down to the scale of atoms. As a result, the researchers were able to watch tiny diamonds form as shock waves passed through plastic, offering a peek at processes that take place in planetary atmospheres on a much grander scale.

The experiment focused on inducing shock waves in a plastic material called polystyrene, which contains hydrogen and carbon — two elements found in abundance inside Uranus and Neptune. According to theory, methane (four hydrogen atoms and one carbon atom) inside the planets’ atmospheres forms hydrocarbon chains that in turn form diamonds in response to the right temperature and pressure. This occurs more than 5,000 miles (8,000 kilometers) beneath the planets’ surface. There, the diamonds precipitate out and sink deeper into the atmosphere, a “diamond rain.”

Though this has been assumed to be the case for decades, the exact process has never been observed in experiments on Earth before now. Some previous experiments failed because the pressures and temperatures inside the atmospheres of these planets cannot be created in the lab for long, and without the ability to record data at the speed afforded by the LCLS, any transitions were missed. Other experiments produced graphite or diamond, but were conducted at lower pressures or required the introduction of additional materials.

Long Range Sensors detect…

Summer of Mars: View 20 articles about Mars, the missions, the robots, toxic salts, strange ripples, its moons, and much more!

http://www.astronomy.com/magazine/events/summer-of-mars

Astronomers watched a black hole gobble a star in unprecedented detail

http://astronomy.com/news/2016/06/astronomers-watched-a-black-hole-gobble-a-star-in-unprecedented-detail

Nine NASA missions received extensions this week, including the two in the headline: “New Horizons Receives Mission Extension to Kuiper Belt, Dawn to Remain at Ceres”.
New dark spots appear on Neptune’s cloud layers

http://astronomy.com/news/2016/06/new-dark-spots-appear-on-neptunes-cloud-layers

First Chiral Molecule Discovered in Space: The discovery of a chiral molecule in space has the potential to sort out one of the biggest mysteries in the chemistry of life.

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This is cool–usually we see the 4 moons in a horizontal line, but Juno is approaching at a different angle.