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Digging deep into Mars

From Astronomy Magazine

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Digging deep into Mars

Although dozens of spacecraft have explored Mars’ surface, InSight is the first to target the planet’s interior.
RELATED TOPICS: MARS | INSIGHT
InSight Selfie
InSight took this selfie December 6, 2018, with its Instrument Deployment Camera. The probe’s two solar panels dominate the scene, with the deck and its science instruments, weather sensor booms, and UHF antenna between them. The camera, which resides on the elbow of the spacecraft’s robotic arm, took 11 images that scientists on Earth stitched together to create this mosaic. All photos by NASA/JPL-Caltech unless otherwise noted
Is Mars a dead world like the Moon, or an active, living terrestrial planet like Earth? That’s the $830 million question that an international team of scientists and engineers are trying to answer with the latest robotic inhabitant of the Red Planet.
NASA selected the InSight mission in 2012 from a pool of nearly 30 proposals for exploring the solar system that had been submitted to the space agency’s Discovery program competition two years earlier. InSight — short for “Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy, and Heat Transport” — is, as the name implies, a mission designed to study the deep interior of Mars from the vantage point of a single station on the surface.

March 9: Meeting recap

Our special guests, David Shuman and Paul Simard, gave a fabulous presentation yesterday.

David started with an overview of the space programme, with emphasis on the rockets, the perils of space exploration, and then going on to the obstacles we need to overcome to colonize Mars. He also talked about what would need to be done to possibly terraform Mars–a popular theme in science fiction! If life forms of any sort are found on Mars, there will be ethical concerns as well as technical problems to solve.

This presentation was followed by a 3-D film showing Mars as seen by the satellites and rovers. David brought in glasses so all could enjoy the incredible spectacle of canyons, craters, and mountains. All the 30-D effects were created by Paul and David from actual NASA images.  Missed it? If you have the red/blue glasses you can watch the show here: http://www.rascmontreal.org/moon/

Then, the cherry on top–a showing of the documentary they are working on for showing later in the year:  The Shadow Chasers. We got to see wonderful footage of the total eclipse of the sun.

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Today, I was reminded of The Idiot’s Space Force initiative, which you might want to read about. It brings together various issues which were discussed by both Sylvain and David:  there are civilian craft up there in orbit providing us with technology we consider basic to our lives, such as cell phones, GPS, Internet, television, and so on. Do we want the military involved in space law enforcement? Who owns space? who has the right to make the rules?

 

 

Upcoming March meeting

We meet on the 9th for a special double header with our inner space theme! On the agenda, Mars and Law and Order : Space!

Up first, our special guests David Shuman and Paul Simard with their 3-D film: Journeys on Mars, followed by a presentation on how we might colonize the planet.  (3-D glasses will be provided)

What?! No kabooms allowed?!!

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After the break, our own Sylvain St-Pierre will follow with a presentation on  LAW AND ORDER—SPACE!: If a Chinese citizen assaults a German on an American space station orbiting above Australia, which laws apply? Can anybody own another planet? Who is responsible for damages caused by a fallen satellite? No longer hypothetical, these questions need to be addressed!

VISITORS WELCOME!

RIP, Opportunity

There have been many “obituaries” for Opportunity, this one if from Sky and Telescope.

Opportunity’s mission was originally expected to last 90 days. It relies on solar panels for power, and engineers expected dust to accumulate on the panels over time and choke out that power. “We didn’t expect wind to blow dust off,” says project manager John Callas (NASA / JPL). “It became reliable on a seasonal cycle.” Combined with what Callas calls “the finest batteries in the solar system,” the robot far outlived its original warranty.

But now, after almost 15 years of roving the Red Planet, last summer’s global dust storm proved too much for the rover to withstand. Dust coated the panels, and Opportunity’s voltage dropped below usable levels. (The dust storm wasn’t a problem for plutonium-powered Curiosity.)

Opportunity’s mission was originally expected to last 90 days. It relies on solar panels for power, and engineers expected dust to accumulate on the panels over time and choke out that power. “We didn’t expect wind to blow dust off,” says project manager John Callas (NASA / JPL). “It became reliable on a seasonal cycle.” Combined with what Callas calls “the finest batteries in the solar system,” the robot far outlived its original warranty.
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But now, after almost 15 years of roving the Red Planet, last summer’s global dust storm proved too much for the rover to withstand. Dust coated the panels, and Opportunity’s voltage dropped below usable levels. (The dust storm wasn’t a problem for plutonium-powered Curiosity.)

 

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Celebrate Mars in March!

Mars is on the agenda for our March 9th meeting!

Our special guest speakers, David Shuman and Paul Simard are members of the RASC, Montreal Centre. They have a particular interest in 3-D film. Recently, they gave a presentation to members of the Montreal Centre at  CineStarz Cinema  at Cote Des Neiges Plaza., which was hugely successful. We have asked them to bring their show to MonSFFA.

After the presentation of the 3-D film, David will give us an update on Mars, and what it would take to set up a colony on our neighbour. Hint:  it won’t be easy!
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Visitors welcome!

 

Mars landing

Seriously, who stays awake nights thinking up these names so they can get a significant-sounding acronym?

Mars Insight  stand for: Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport

After a safe landing, NASA’s first dedicated geophysical mission to Mars will spend the next two years studying the deep interior of the Red Planet. 

Mars Insight

Welcome to Elysium Planitia. An image taken by Insight’s Instrument Deployment Camera shortly after landing, showing the lander deck and the horizon beyond.
NASA / JPL-Caltech

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After “seven minutes of terror,” and a seven-month journey of almost 300 million miles (500 million kilometers), NASA’s Mars Insight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) lander went from over 12,000 mph to zero, for NASA’s eighth successful landing on the Red Planet.

“This accomplishment represents the ingenuity of America and our international partners and it serves as a testament to the dedication and perseverance of our team,” said NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine in a November 26th press release.

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huge lake of salt water buried beneath Mars

This is an amazing discovery, and if confirmed, could well lead to the discovery of life on Mars. A similar lake discovered under our own ice cap was found to contain living organisms. — CPL

Researchers discover a huge lake of salt water buried beneath Mars. Life could be next

Their results suggest that a 20 kilometre-wide reservoir lies below ice about 1.5 kilometres thick in an area close to the planet’s south pole

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This image provided by the ESA/INAF shows an artist’s rendering of the Mars Express spacecraft probing the southern hemisphere of Mars. Davide Coero Borga/INAF/ESA via AP

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NEW YORK — A huge lake of salty water appears to be buried deep in Mars, raising the possibility of finding life on the red planet.

The discovery, based on observations by a European spacecraft, generated excitement from experts. Water is essential to life as we know it, and scientists have long sought to prove that the liquid is present on Mars.

“If these researchers are right, this is the first time we’ve found evidence of a large water body on Mars,” said Cassie Stuurman, a geophysicist at the University of Texas who found signs of an enormous Martian ice deposit in 2016.

This May 12, 2016 image provided by NASA shows the planet Mars. A study published Wednesday, July 25, 2018 in the journal Science suggests a huge lake of salty water appears to be buried deep in Mars, raising the possibility of finding life on the red planet. NASA/ESA/Hubble Heritage Team – STScI/AURA, J. Bell – ASU, M. Wolff – Space Science Institute via AP

Scott Hubbard, a professor of astronautics at Stanford University who served as NASA’s first Mars program director in 2000, called it “tremendously exciting.”

“Our mantra back then was ‘follow the water.’ That was the one phrase that captured everything,” Hubbard said. “So this discovery, if it stands, is just thrilling because it’s the culmination of that philosophy.”

The study, published Wednesday in the journal Science, does not determine how deep the reservoir actually is. This means that scientists can’t specify whether it’s an underground pool, an aquifer-like body, or just a layer of sludge.

To find the water, Italian researchers analyzed radar signals collected over three years by the European Space Agency’s Mars Express spacecraft. Their results suggest that a 12-mile-wide (20 kilometres) reservoir lies below ice about a mile (1.5 kilometres) thick in an area close to the planet’s south pole.

They spent at least two years examining the data to make sure they’d detected water, not ice or another substance.

“I really have no other explanation,” said astrophysicist Roberto Orosei of Italy’s National Institute of Astrophysics in Bologna and lead author of the study.

Italian astrophysicist Roberto Orosei speaks during a press conference at the Italian Space Agency headquarters in Rome, Wednesday, July 25, 2018. AP Photo/Gregorio Borgia

Mars is very cold, but the water might have been kept from freezing by dissolved salts. It’s the same as when you put salt on a road, said Kirsten Siebach, a planetary geologist at Rice University who wasn’t part of the study.

“This water would be extremely cold, right at the point where it’s about to freeze. And it would be salty. Those are not ideal conditions for life to form,” Siebach said.

Still, she said, there are microbes on Earth that have been able to adapt to environments like that.

Orosei said, “It’s tempting to think that this is the first candidate place where life could persist” on Mars.

He suspects Mars may contain other hidden bodies of water, waiting to be discovered.

 

 

Huge Martian dust storm

Space Weather News for July 2, 2018
http://spaceweather.com
https://www.facebook.com/spaceweatherdotcom

MARS LOOKS DIFFERENT: A martian dust storm that started in late May, silencing NASA’s Opportunity rover, has now wrapped itself around the entirety of Mars, radically transforming the appearance of the Red Planet. Amateur astronomers are taking pictures of the storm through backyard telescopes, and even naked-eye observers say they can see changes in the planet’s color. Visit today’s edition of Spaceweather.com for more information and animations.

Remember, SpaceWeather.com is on Facebook!
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Above: In these two images, the same side of Mars is facing Earth, yet the Red Planet looks totally different. Dust is hiding the planet’s usual surface markings in July 2018. Photo credit: Raffaello Lena.

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HUGE DUST STORM ON MARS

Space Weather News for June 13, 2018
http://spaceweather.com
https://www.facebook.com/spaceweatherdotcom

HUGE DUST STORM ON MARS: Yesterday, NASA lost contact with the Opportunity Mars rover as a ferocious dust storm spreads around the Red Planet. Thick dust has turned day into night at Opportunity’s work site in Perseverance Valley, blocking sunlight to the solar powered rover. Currently on the verge of circumnavigating Mars, the storm is so large that amateur astronomers can now see it through backyard telescopes. Visit today’s edition of Spaceweather.com for an animation of the spreading storm and more information.

Remember, SpaceWeather.com is on Facebook!
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Above: Images from NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter show the dust storm enveloping Opportunity last week. Visit Spaceweather.com to see the full animation.

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NASA Finds Ancient Organic Material, Mysterious Methane on Mars

NASA Finds Ancient Organic Material, Mysterious Methane on Mars

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NASA’s Curiosity rover

has found new evidence preserved in rocks on Mars that suggests the planet could have supported ancient life, as well as new evidence in the Martian atmosphere that relates to the search for current life on the Red Planet. While not necessarily evidence of life itself, these findings are a good sign for future missions exploring the planet’s surface and subsurface.

This low-angle self-portrait of NASA's Curiosity Mars rover shows the vehicle at the site from which it reached down to drill in
This low-angle self-portrait of NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover shows the vehicle at the site from which it reached down to drill into a rock target called “Buckskin” on lower Mount Sharp.
Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS

 

The new findings – “tough” organic molecules in three-billion-year-old sedimentary rocks near the surface, as well as seasonal variations in the levels of methane in the atmosphere – appear in the June 8 edition of the journal Science.

Organic molecules contain carbon and hydrogen, and also may include oxygen, nitrogen and other elements. While commonly associated with life, organic molecules also can be created by non-biological processes and are not necessarily indicators of life.

“With these new findings, Mars is telling us to stay the course and keep searching for evidence of life,” said Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator for the Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters, in Washington. “I’m confident that our ongoing and planned missions will unlock even more breathtaking discoveries on the Red Planet.”

“Curiosity has not determined the source of the organic molecules,” said Jen Eigenbrode of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, who is lead author of one of the two new Science papers. “Whether it holds a record of ancient life, was food for life, or has existed in the absence of life, organic matter in Martian materials holds chemical clues to planetary conditions and processes.”

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